Основные лабораторные тесты
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Basic laboratory tests are a set of medical diagnostic tests that are routinely conducted to assess a person's general health, identify potential health issues, and aid in the diagnosis of medical conditions. These tests are often part of regular check-ups, used to monitor ongoing medical conditions, or to help doctors make informed decisions about a patient's health. They provide essential information about various aspects of a person's health, such as blood chemistry, organ function, and the presence of certain diseases.
Here are some common categories of basic laboratory tests:
1. **Complete Blood Count (CBC):** A CBC measures the quantity and quality of different components of the blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It is used to diagnose anemia, infection, and other blood disorders.
2. **Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) or Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP):** These panels assess blood chemistry, including electrolyte levels (sodium, potassium), glucose, and kidney and liver function. They can help detect diabetes, kidney disease, and imbalances in electrolytes.
3. **Lipid Panel:** This test measures cholesterol levels, including LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein), to assess the risk of heart disease.
4. **Thyroid Function Tests:** These tests assess the thyroid gland's function by measuring hormone levels, helping to diagnose thyroid disorders like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
5. **Urinalysis:** A urinalysis examines the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine to detect conditions such as urinary tract infections, kidney disease, and diabetes.
6. **Liver Function Tests:** These tests evaluate liver function by measuring liver enzymes, bilirubin, and other markers. They can help diagnose liver diseases, such as hepatitis or cirrhosis.
7. **Coagulation Profile:** This assesses the blood's ability to clot and is used to diagnose bleeding disorders or monitor the effects of anticoagulant medications.
8. **Blood Chemistry Tests:** These include specific tests to measure various substances in the blood, such as iron, calcium, and proteins, which can help diagnose conditions like anemia or nutritional deficiencies.
9. **Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c):** This test measures average blood sugar levels over several months and is commonly used to monitor and diagnose diabetes.
10. **C-reactive Protein (CRP):** CRP levels are measured to assess inflammation in the body, which can indicate infection, inflammation, or chronic diseases.
11. **Uric Acid Test:** This measures the level of uric acid in the blood and is often used to diagnose and monitor gout.
12. **Serum Creatinine:** This test assesses kidney function and is used to diagnose kidney diseases and monitor the effects of medications on the kidneys.
These basic laboratory tests serve as valuable tools for healthcare providers to assess a person's health and detect early signs of diseases or medical conditions. The specific tests ordered may vary based on individual health concerns, age, and risk factors. Interpretation of test results is typically done by healthcare professionals who use the information to guide medical decisions, treatment plans, and lifestyle recommendations.
